Utumiki wogula tchipisi wagawo limodzi wamakampani
Pankhani yazinthu, tchipisi ta makompyuta ndi zowongolera ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri lazinthu, lomwe lili ndi gawo lopitilira 39%.Pankhani yogwiritsira ntchito, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu makina opangira mafakitale ndi olamulira, ndi gawo loposa 27%.
Ntchito zamtsogolo zomwe zikukula mwachangu pagawo la chip pan-industrial chip zikuphatikizapo zida zamaneti, ndege zamalonda, kuunikira kwa LED, ma tag a digito, kuyang'anira makanema a digito, kuyang'anira nyengo, mita anzeru, ma inverters a photovoltaic ndi makina olumikizirana ndi anthu.Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi azachipatala (monga zothandizira kumva, ma endoscopes ndi makina oyerekeza) nawonso akuthandizira kukula kwa msika uno.Chifukwa cha chiyembekezo cha msikawu, ena otsogola opanga ma semiconductor pagawo la digito adayikanso ma semiconductors amakampani.Ndi chitukuko cha digito ya mafakitale, matekinoloje atsopano monga luntha lochita kupanga ayambanso kuphatikizidwa mu gawo la mafakitale.
Pakadali pano, msika wapadziko lonse wamakampani opanga ma semiconductor ku Europe, United States ndi Japan ndi maiko ena amakampani akuluakulu ndiolamulira, mulingo wake wonse komanso kukopa kwa msika ndizodziwikiratu.Research Institute IHS Markit analengeza 2018 mafakitale semiconductor pamwamba 20 opanga mndandanda, ndi opanga US mlandu mipando 11, opanga European mlandu mipando 4, opanga Japanese mlandu mipando 4, mmodzi yekha Chinese kampani Woodland anali shortlisted.
tchipisi ta mafakitale ndi gawo lofunikira la zomangamanga zonse zamafakitale, kuthetsa mavuto oyambira pakuzindikira, kulumikizana, makompyuta, kusungirako ndi zinthu zina zogwirira ntchito, ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga mafakitale.tchipisi ta mafakitale makamaka amakhala ndi izi.
Choyamba, mankhwala mafakitale ali mu nthawi yaitali kwambiri mkulu / otsika kutentha, chinyezi mkulu, wamphamvu mchere chifunga ndi maginito maginito cheza mu chilengedwe nkhanza, ntchito malo ovuta, kotero tchipisi mafakitale ayenera kukhala bata, kudalirika mkulu ndi chitetezo mkulu, ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki (kupanga mphamvu, mwachitsanzo, kumafuna kulephera kwa chip cha mafakitale osakwana miliyoni imodzi, zinthu zina zofunika zimafunikira "0" kutha kwa mtengo, kapangidwe kazinthu zofunikira pamoyo 7 * maola 24, zaka 10-20 zogwira ntchito mosalekeza. (Ngakhale kulephera kwa magetsi ogula ndi zikwi zitatu za peresenti, moyo wa mapangidwe a zaka 1-3) Choncho, kupanga ndi kupanga tchipisi ta mafakitale kuonetsetsa kuti zokolola zikuyenda bwino, zomwe zimafuna mazana a mamiliyoni a tchipisi ndi chitsimikizo cha khalidwe. luso, ndi zinthu zina zamafakitale zimafunikanso kusintha njira yodzipatulira yopanga.
Chachiwiri, tchipisi ta mafakitale kuti tikwaniritse zosowa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, motero mulibe mawonekedwe a tchipisi ogula kuti atsatire chilengedwe chonse, chokhazikika, chopanda mtengo.Tchipisi ta mafakitale nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana, gulu limodzi laling'ono koma ndi mtengo wowonjezera, womwe umafuna kuphatikizika kwa R & D ndi mapulogalamu, kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito, ndi kupanga mayankho ndi mbali yogwiritsira ntchito, kotero kuti kugwiritsa ntchito luso ndikofunikira kwambiri. monga luso laukadaulo.Msika wonse wa chip wa mafakitale sumakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi kusinthasintha kwakukula kwamakampani amodzi.Chifukwa chake, kusinthasintha kwamitengo kuli kutali ndi kusintha kwa tchipisi ta digito monga tchipisi tokumbukira ndi mabwalo omveka, ndipo kusinthasintha kwa msika ndikocheperako.Chopanga chachikulu kwambiri chamakampani padziko lonse lapansi cha Texas Instruments chimafika pamitundu yopitilira 10,000, phindu lazogulitsa mpaka 60%, pomwe kukula kwa ndalama zapachaka nakonso kumakhala kokhazikika.
Chachitatu, chitsanzo chachikulu chachitukuko chamakampani opanga ma chip amtundu wa IDM.Kuchita kwa chip cha mafakitale kumasiyana kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri zapadera, monga BCD (Biploar, CMOS, DMOS), madera othamanga kwambiri ndi SiGe (silicon germanium) ndi GaAs (gallium arsenide), ntchito zambiri pamzere wodzipangira wokha. kusonyeza bwino, choncho nthawi zambiri ayenera makonda ndondomeko ndi ma CD, ndi kamangidwe ndi ndondomeko kuya kaphatikizidwe kukwaniritsa zosowa zapadera mafakitale ntchito zochitika.Mtundu wa IDM ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito azinthu ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopangira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira makonda, motero kukhala njira yotsatsira yomwe makampani otsogola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi akupanga.Pa ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi pafupifupi $48.56 biliyoni, ndalama zokwana $37 biliyoni zimaperekedwa ndi makampani a IDM, ndipo 18 mwa makampani 20 apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi makampani a IDM.
Chachinayi, kuchuluka kwa msika wamakampani opanga ma chip ndiokwera, ndipo zinthu zazikuluzikulu zimakhala zokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.Chifukwa chakugawika kwakukulu kwa msika wa chip wa mafakitale, mabizinesi akulu omwe ali ndi kuthekera kophatikizana, njira zodzipatulira ndi kuthekera kopanga zimakonda kutenga gawo lalikulu pamsika, ndikupitiliza kukula ndikukula mwamphamvu kudzera muzopeza ndi zabwino.Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chamakampani opanga ma chip omwe amachedwetsa kusinthika kwazinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makampani ocheperako alowe m'gawoli, machitidwe olamulira amakampani akupitiliza kulimbikitsa.Choncho, lonse mafakitale Chip msika chitsanzo amasonyeza makhalidwe a "chachikulu nthawi zonse chachikulu, msika kulamulira mphamvu ndi yofunika".Pakalipano, makampani 40 apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi akupanga 80% ya msika wonse, pamene msika wa chip wa mafakitale ku US, opanga 20 apamwamba aku US adathandizira 92.8% ya msika.
Chitukuko cha mafakitale aku China
Ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwamphamvu kwa China kwa zomangamanga zatsopano ndi intaneti ya mafakitale, kukula kwa msika wa chip wa mafakitale ku China nawonso kukukula mwachangu.Pofika chaka cha 2025, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti kufunikira kwapachaka kwa tchipisi mu gridi yamagetsi yamagetsi yaku China, zoyendera njanji, mphamvu ndi mankhwala, ma municipalities ndi minda ina ya mafakitale adzakhala pafupi ndi RMB 200 biliyoni.Malinga ndi kukula kwa msika wamakampani aku China chip mu 2025 kudaposa 2 thililiyoni, kufunikira kwa tchipisi ta mafakitale kokha kudakhala 10%.Pakati pawo, kufunikira kokwanira kwa tchipisi tamakampani ndi kuwongolera tchipisi, tchipisi ta analogi ndi masensa kunapitilira 60%.
Mosiyana, ngakhale China ndi lalikulu mafakitale dziko, koma mfundo Chip ulalo ndi kutali kumbuyo.Pakali pano, China ali angapo makampani Chip makampani, chiwerengero si ndithu, koma kugawikana wonse, sanali kupanga synergy, mpikisano mabuku ndi ofooka kuposa opanga yachilendo, ndipo mankhwala makamaka anaikira mu msika otsika-mapeto.Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa kuchokera ku IC Insights, Taiwan's Industrial Technology International Strategy Development Institute, makampani 10 apamwamba kwambiri a IC mu 2019 ndi Heisi, Ziguang Group, Howe Technology, Bitmain, ZTE Microelectronics, Huada Integrated Circuit, Nanrui Smartcore Microelectronics. , ISSI, Zhaoyi Innovation, ndi Datang Semiconductor.Pakati pawo, Beijing Smartcore Microelectronics yachisanu ndi chiwiri, ndiyo yokhayo pamndandanda wandandandawu makamaka kuchokera kwa opanga chip cha mafakitale, enawo amakhala makamaka tchipisi togwiritsa ntchito anthu wamba.
Kuonjezera apo, pali mapangidwe a m'deralo ndi kupanga opanga mafakitale-grade chip sakuwonetsedwa pamndandandawu, makamaka mu sensa ndi zipangizo zamagetsi, makampani ena am'deralo apanga bwino.Monga Goer ndiye gawo lotsogola la sensa yapakhomo, mumakampani opanga ma electro-acoustic micro electro-acoustics ndi ogula ma electro-acoustics pakupanga ndikupanga mpikisano kwambiri.Pankhani ya zida zamagetsi, mabizinesi am'deralo, omwe akuimiridwa ndi CNMC ndi BYD, apeza zotsatira zabwino m'munda wa IGBT, pozindikira kulowetsedwa kwapanyumba kwa IGBT pamagalimoto amagetsi ndi njanji yothamanga kwambiri.
Ponseponse, opanga tchipisi tating'onoting'ono ku China, zogulitsa zikadali zida zamagetsi, kuwongolera mafakitale MCU, zomverera, pomwe m'magulu ena akuluakulu a tchipisi ta mafakitale, monga zida zapamwamba za analogi, ADC, CPU, FPGA, kusungirako mafakitale, etc., pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mabizinesi aku China ndi opanga mayiko akuluakulu.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, ntchito yomanga ndi kukonza mafakitale aku China idakhala patsogolo kuposa tchipisi ta mafakitale, ndipo tchipisi tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale nthawi zambiri zimagulidwa kuchokera kwa opanga akuluakulu akunja.Mkangano wamalonda usanachitike pakati pa China ndi United States, opanga m'deralo adapatsidwa mwayi woyesera, zomwe zinalepheretsa kukula kwa tchipisi tamakampani am'deralo komanso zidasokoneza luso lothana ndi zoopsa zamakampani am'deralo.Tchipisi ta mafakitale ndizosiyana ndi tchipisi ta ogula, zokhala ndi zofunikira zonse zogwirira ntchito, mizunguliro yayitali ya R&D, kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso kutsika kochepa m'malo.Pambuyo poti chip chapadziko lonse chatha kudulidwa kapena kuletsedwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizili pamsika, zimakhala zovuta kupeza zoloweza m'malo mwa nthawi yochepa chifukwa chochepa kwambiri pakutsatsa kwakukulu kwa tchipisi tamakampani am'deralo komanso kuyesa ndi zolakwika. ndi kubwerezabwereza, motero zimakhudza kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka mafakitale.Kumbali ina, pakugwa kwachuma chonse chapakhomo, mafakitale azikhalidwe akuyenera kukulitsa malo atsopano okulirapo, ndipo zomangamanga zatsopano zozikidwa pa tchipisi ta mafakitale zimalimbikitsa kusintha ndi kukweza kwa mafakitale, koma ngati vuto lakumangika kwa khosi. sichikuthetsedwa, izi zidzakhudza mwachindunji kukula kwa chuma chatsopano cha mafakitale ndikulepheretsa kupita patsogolo kwa njira zamagetsi zamagetsi.Poganizira izi, tchipisi tamakampani aku China amafunikira malo okulirapo ndi msika, zomwe sizimangothandiza pakukula kwamakampani a chip m'deralo, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mafakitale.
