Mayankho a Chip a chithandizo chamankhwala ndi zida zamankhwala
Kukonzekera kofunikira popanga tchipisi ta ntchito zachipatala ndikosiyana kwambiri ndi madera ena, komanso kosiyana kwambiri ndi misika yofunikira kwambiri monga magalimoto odziyendetsa okha.Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa chipangizo chachipatala, komabe, mapangidwe a chipangizo chachipatala adzakumana ndi zovuta zazikulu zitatu: kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, chitetezo ndi kudalirika.
Pakukula kwa ma semiconductors omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala, opanga ayenera choyamba kuwonetsetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwa zida zamankhwala, zida zolumikizidwa ndizomwe zimafunikira kwambiri pa izi, chifukwa zida zotere ziyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni m'thupi ndikuchotsedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuyenera kukhala kotsika. , ambiri, madokotala ndi odwala amafuna implantable mankhwala akhoza kukhala zaka 10 mpaka 20, osati zaka zingapo zilizonse kusintha batire.
Zida zachipatala zambiri zomwe sizingalowetsedwe zimafunikiranso mapangidwe amphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa zida zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala za batri (monga zolondolera zolimbitsa thupi padzanja).Madivelopa akuyenera kuganizira zaukadaulo monga njira zodutsira pang'ono, madomeni amagetsi ndi magawo amagetsi osinthika kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kuyimilira.
Kudalirika ndikuthekera kuti chip chigwire ntchito yofunikira bwino pamalo operekedwa (mkati mwa thupi la munthu, padzanja, ndi zina zotero) kwa nthawi yodziwika, yomwe idzasiyana malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chachipatala.Zolephera zambiri zimachitika panthawi yopanga kapena kumapeto kwa moyo, ndipo chifukwa chenichenicho chidzasiyana malinga ndi zomwe zagulitsidwa.Mwachitsanzo, moyo wa laputopu kapena foni yam'manja ndi pafupifupi zaka 3.
Kulephera kwa mapeto a moyo kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha ukalamba wa transistor ndi electromigration.Kukalamba kumatanthawuza kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ntchito ya transistor pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipangizo chonsecho chilephereke.Electromigration, kapena kuyenda kosafunikira kwa ma atomu chifukwa cha kachulukidwe kakali pano, ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chakulephera kwa kulumikizana pakati pa ma transistors.Kuchulukirachulukira kwamakono kudzera pamzerewu, kumapangitsanso mwayi wolephera kwakanthawi kochepa.
Kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa zipangizo zamankhwala n'kofunika kwambiri, choncho kudalirika kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kumayambiriro kwa gawo la mapangidwe ndi nthawi yonseyi.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa gawo lopanga ndilofunikanso.Synopsys imapereka yankho lathunthu lodalirika, lomwe limatchedwa PrimeSim Reliability Analysis, lomwe limaphatikizapo kuyang'ana malamulo amagetsi, kuyerekezera zolakwika, kusanthula kusinthasintha, kusanthula kwa electromigration, ndi kusanthula ukalamba wa transistor.
Zinsinsi zachipatala zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi zida zachipatala ziyenera kutetezedwa kuti ogwira ntchito osaloledwa sangathe kupeza zidziwitso zachipatala zachinsinsi.Madivelopa akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zachipatala sizingasokonezedwe ndi mtundu wina uliwonse, monga kuthekera kwa anthu osakhulupirika akubera pacemaker kuti apweteke wodwala.Chifukwa cha mliri watsopano wa chibayo, malo azachipatala akugwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizidwa kuti achepetse chiopsezo chokumana ndi odwala komanso kuti zitheke.Kulumikizana kwakutali komwe kumakhazikitsidwa, kumapangitsanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kuphwanya ma data ndi kuwukira kwina kwa intaneti.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a zida zopangira chip, opanga zida zachipatala sagwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina;EDA, IP cores, ndi zida zowunikira zodalirika zonse ndizofunikira.Zida izi zidzathandiza otukula kukonzekera bwino kuti akwaniritse mapangidwe a ultra-low power chip ndi kudalirika kowonjezereka, pamene akuganizira zolepheretsa malo ndi zinthu zotetezera, zomwe ndizofunikira pa thanzi la odwala, chitetezo cha chidziwitso ndi chitetezo cha moyo.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kufalikira kwa korona watsopano kwapangitsanso anthu ambiri kuzindikira kufunikira kwa machitidwe azachipatala ndi zida zamankhwala.Panthawi ya mliri, ma ventilator adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza odwala omwe adavulala kwambiri m'mapapo ndi kupuma mothandizidwa.Makina olowera mpweya amagwiritsa ntchito masensa a semiconductor ndi mapurosesa kuti aziyang'anira zizindikiro zofunika.Masensa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe mlingo wa wodwalayo, kuchuluka kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya pa mpweya ndi kusintha mlingo wa okosijeni mofanana ndi zosowa za wodwalayo.Purosesa imayang'anira liwiro la injini kuti ithandizire wodwalayo kupuma.
Ndipo chipangizo chonyamula ma ultrasound chimatha kuzindikira ma virus monga zilonda zam'mapapo mwa odwala ndikuzindikira mwachangu mawonekedwe a chibayo chokhudzana ndi coronavirus yatsopano osadikirira kuyesa kwa nucleic acid.Zida zoterezi m'mbuyomu zidagwiritsa ntchito makristalo a piezoelectric ngati ma ultrasound probes, omwe nthawi zambiri amawononga ndalama zoposa $100,000.Pochotsa kristalo ya piezoelectric ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor, chipangizocho chimangotenga madola masauzande angapo ndipo chimalola kuti azindikire mosavuta ndikuwunika thupi lamkati la wodwalayo.
Coronavirus yatsopano ikukwera ndipo sinathebe.Ndikofunika kuti malo opezeka anthu ambiri ayang'ane kutentha kwa anthu ambiri.Makamera amakono oyerekeza otenthetsera kapena ma thermometer osalumikizana pamphumi ndi njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino zochitira izi, ndipo zida izi zimadaliranso ma semiconductors monga masensa ndi tchipisi ta analogi kuti asinthe deta monga kutentha kukhala kuwerenga kwa digito.
Makampani azachipatala amafunikira zida zapamwamba za EDA kuti akwaniritse zovuta zomwe zikusintha masiku ano.Zida zamakono za EDA zingapereke njira zothetsera mavuto osiyanasiyana, monga kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni yokonza deta pa hardware ndi mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu, kugwirizanitsa machitidwe (kuphatikiza zigawo zambiri momwe zingathere mu pulatifomu imodzi), ndikuwunika zotsatira za otsika-. mapangidwe amagetsi pa kutaya kutentha ndi moyo wa batri.Ma semiconductors ndi gawo lofunikira pazida zambiri zamakono zamankhwala, zomwe zimapereka ntchito monga kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, kukonza ndi kusungirako deta, kulumikizidwa opanda zingwe, ndi kasamalidwe ka mphamvu.Zida zamankhwala zachikhalidwe sizidalira semiconductors, ndipo zida zamankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ma semiconductors sizimangogwira ntchito zachipatala, komanso zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito a zida zamankhwala ndikuchepetsa mtengo.
Makampani opanga zida zamankhwala akupita patsogolo mwachangu, ndipo opanga ma chip akupanga ndikupitiliza kuyendetsa zatsopano mumbadwo wotsatira wa zida zoyikira, zida zamankhwala zachipatala ndi zobvala zachipatala.
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